Laminated

"All wood was laminated using marine 2-part epoxy. We stood the rudder up and poured epoxy into the gaps around the shaft until there was no air left. A wood plug in the bottom of the shaft prevented the epoxy from coming up inside.

"We have a problem with water getting into the rudders then freezing. A lot of guys drill a small hole in the bottom in the fall, let the rudder drain and dry out, then fill the hole next spring. This is why I stressed filling in all the gaps with epoxy."

[Note the template on the stock and the power planer that cut the shaping effort to a reasonable level.]